Sites of Interest: Fall 2006
 Each year a group of junior and senior honors students working under the direction of Commonwealth College Dean Linda Slakey select the Dean's Book Course texts for the coming year. As part of this Capstone Experience course, known as the Dean's Readers Seminar, the students research various aspects of the selected texts. Their research produces original papers of the students' own, along with annotated bibliographies of print and on-line resources. We in turn make those papers and bibliographies available to current Dean's Book Course instructors and students who are conducting similar research.
Some documents presented by the Dean's Readers are in PDF format. If you don't have Adobe Acrobat Reader, you may download it for free here.
Author and Genre Information
This section provides biographical information on Kang Chol-Hwan and Pierre Rigoulot, and also provides an analysis of the memoir genre, including the factors that can shape the way the truth is framed in the narrative.
• Contributions from Dean’s Readers:
“Author's Background” by Heidi S. Costa.
“Memoirs: Valuable but Challenging Sources for Attaining the Truth” by Heidi S. Costa.
Costa discusses the important role of memoirs in human rights campaigns while also illustrating the various factors that can complicate the truth within their narrative. She emphasizes the obligation of the reader to engage with the text and seek outside information that either confirms or challenges the story that is told in these personal accounts.
• Print materials available in DuBois Library [view list]
• Online Resources:
Armstrong, Charles K. (in Book Reviews; Korea). The Journal of Asian Studies. 61.3 (Aug. 2002): 1068-1069.
Armstrong conducts a book review of The Aquariums of Pyongyang along with two other recently published books on North Korea. Armstrong, a history professor at Columbia University, is critical of Kang’s memoir but fails to substantiate his claims with real evidence.
The Chosun Ilbo. “Bush Meets N.Korean Defector Behind 'Aquariums Of Pyongyang.'” June 14, 2005.
A journalist from the Chosun Ilbo discusses Kang’s meeting with President George W. Bush in June of 2004. Kang has also written articles for this online publication, which is published in Korean, Chinese, Japanese, and English.
“The First International Conference on North Korean Human Rights & Refugees.” Citizens’ Alliance for North Korean Human Rights. Dec. 1-3 1999.
This page outlines the proceedings of the first Conference on North Korean Human Rights and Refugees held in Seoul in 1999. Pierre Rigoulot has participated in each of the six conferences held to date. The links to the other conferences are listed at the bottom of the page. Check out the home page for the Citizens’ Alliance for North Korean Human Rights to find info on the conditions of North Korean refugees.
Remarks for the Conference on “Gulag, Famine, and Refugees: The Urgent Human Rights Crisis in North Korea” held by the National Endowment for Democracy. July 16, 2003.
This speech was given by Pierre Rigoulot and Robert Pepin at the National Endowment for Democracy Grantees Conference in July 2003. It outlines the mission of their human rights organization, The French Committee to Help the Population in North Korea.
“North Korean Activists Speak Out for Human Rights.” National Endowment for Democracy. Issue 2 2004.
This online newsletter contains an article on the NK Gulag organization, cofounded in 2003 by Kang Chol-Hwan. Delegates of this organization came to Washington D.C. in April 2004 to meet with Congress and hold rallies.
NK Gulag: Democracy Network Against North Korean Gulag. 15 April
This organization was co-founded in 2003 by Kang Chol-Hwan. In this site you can expect to find testimonies by North Korean defectors and articles on the recent developments within North Korea and its international relations.
Schaffer, Kay and Sidonie Smith. “Conjunctions: Life Narratives in the Field of Human Rights.” Biography 27.1 (Winter 2004): 1-24.
Schaffer and Smith discuss the role of life writing in human rights campaigns and how the stories may be shaped to satisfy the activists’ agenda and to meet the trends of Western-based publishing industries.
Show Don’t Tell. Soleil Lifestory Network, 2003.
This brief article outlines why it is more effective to reveal characters through action and inference rather than telling the reader what to think about characters or plot developments.
Suleiman, Susan Rubin. “Problems of Memory and Factuality in Recent Holocaust Memoirs: Wilkomirski/Wiesel.” Poetics Today. 21.3 (Fall 2000): 543-559.
Suleiman uses the hoax holocaust memoir Fragments: Memories of a Wartime Childhood by Binjamin Wilkomirski to argue the importance of maintaining the truth in a genre that seems to blur the distinction between fiction and nonfiction.
U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea. “The Hidden Gulag: Exposing North Korea’s Prison Camps.” Ed. Richard Hawk. 2003.
This website, created by the U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, documents North Korean prison camps through satellite photographs and first-person accounts by North Korean defectors. In the introduction Anne Applebaum argues that these accounts are powerful tools in raising awareness and weakening support for the current regime.
Walker, Barbara. “On Reading Soviet Memoirs: A History of the ‘Contemporaries’ Genre as an Institution of Russian Intelligentsia Culture from the 1790’s to the 1970’s.” Russian Review. 59.3 (July 2000): 327-352.
Walker uses memoirs from the Soviet era to gain a sense of Russian culture and identity from a Russian perspective. Her research relies on the fact that memoirs are often less than objective. She does not use the memoirs to recreate historical events but to gauge a sense of how the authors view the world. This article, as the title suggests, is very narrow in that it focuses exclusively on Suleiman’s particular research.
Watson, Jinx Stapleton. “Reading Memoir to Make Sense of Sensitive Histories: Civil Rights Movement (USA), Apartheid South Africa & Cultural Revolution (China).”
Watson illustrates how first person accounts are effective in teaching about especially violent and/or revolutionary periods in history.
Wyatt, Edward. “Live on 'Oprah,' a Memoirist Is Kicked Out of the Book Club.” The New York Times. 27 January 2006: A1.
Wyatt discusses the scandal surrounding James Frey’s fraudulent memoir A Million Little Pieces, which was endorsed by Oprah Winfrey after being chosen for Oprah’s Book Club.
History of Korea
This section provides material concerning the basic history of Korea, focusing upon the issues of the Korean War. In addition to the Korean War, background history on Korea is also touched upon.
• Contributions from Dean’s Readers:
“Korea: The Battle beneath the Surface” by Joseph Andelman.
Andelman covers the major movements within the Korean War, with a focus upon the interactions by the major powers on both sides of the conflict. It includes descriptions of how each major power was involved, as well as analyses of their individual motivations.
“A Comparison of North Korea and South Korea” by Joseph Andelman. This selection gives a basic description of the significant differences between North Korea and South Korea, including some understanding of the basis of their continued division.
“Time Line” adapted by Joseph Andelman. This is a simplified time line of the Korean War, providing a clear progression of the events spanning the three years during the conflict from its beginnings in 1950 to the Armistice in 1953. This time line has been adapted from Callum MacDonald’s text Korea: The War before Vietnam.
“Abbreviation Key” adapted by Joseph Andelman. This is a key to several terms concerning political and military designations from the varied powers within the Korean War. This key has been adapted from Callum MacDonald’s text Korea: The War before Vietnam.
• Print materials available in DuBois Library
[view list]
• Online Resources:
“Historical New York Times”
This database provides decades of articles that can be easily searched for any information in the New York Times. With this tool, a student can look for specific articles over the course of nearly one hundred years for interesting information.
“JSTOR”
This database provides complete historical searches within the text of several journals. When attempting to understand any historical period or information, a direct reading of the journals that originated during or shortly after the time period in question is invaluable in the potential understanding of its inner workings.
“PAIS International”
This is another useful database that gives the user access to numerous articles on a variety of subjects. PAIS is useful because, not only does it provide a number of more recent article listings, it also can cross-reference material that is stored within the University of Massachusetts library itself.
“Country Studies”
“North Korea”
“South Korea”
This web-site provides a large selection of summaries compiled from the Library of Congress, allowing a researcher to gain a significant amount of information about the varied elements of any specific country. This can be very helpful in providing a baseline of information to initiate further research, or gain deeper knowledge about a specified area without digging through six or seven source materials.
“Korea Overview Map”
This map provides an overview of movements of the Communist and United Nation forces during the Korean War. This is a valuable tool for putting the conflict into perspective, emphasizing the flow of action, or lack there of, between the opposing forces. For more examples of maps, look under sections four and five.
North Korean Totalitarianism and Communism
This chapter gives necessary information about totalitarianism and Communism in general as well as specifically in North Korea. It outlines the principal ideology of North Korea and the ways in which the government uses propaganda to control its people.
• Contribution from Dean’s Reader:
"Juche Ideology and the Indoctrination of North Korean People" by Kristen Fleury.
Fleury explains the Juche ideology of North Korea and the methods by which the leaders of the country use it to spread their view of Communism and nationalism. She also analyzes the country’s propaganda and its role in spreading the ideas of the government. Both Juche ideals and government propaganda affect the treatment and living conditions of North Koreans. Fleury concludes with certain instances of hope for the opening of North Korea to the rest of the world and the improvement of their current difficult situation.
Background introduction to Communism and totalitarianism, especially in North Korea
Basic background of major North Korean leaders, including Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il
• Print materials available in DuBois Library [view list]
• Online Resources:
Democratic People's Republic of Korea. 2003. UN Commission on Human Rights.
Explains human rights violations in North Korea by the DPRK and the UN’s recommendations to rectify this situation.
Kim Duk Hong: Interview with a North Korean Korean Defector. Host Martin Smith. Frontline. PBS. 2003.
Kim Duk Hong explains his reasons for escaping from North Korea and hints at Kim Jong Il’s incompetent leadership methods.
Lankov, Andrei. Education Centered on Kims. 2004. The Korea Times.
Explains how North Korean leaders use educational tools in order to indoctrinate their beliefs and ideas into the minds of school children.
Lankov, Andrei. North Koreans Think the Unthinkable. 2005. Asia Times.
Describes a riot at a North Korean soccer game and how it could be a foreshadowing for rebellion against the country’s strict government.
Liang-Fenton, Debra. The Hidden Gulag: Exposing North Korea’s Prison Camps Prisoners’ Testimonies and Satellite Photographs. 2003. Human Rights in North Korea.
Includes different accounts of North Korean detainees and prisoners while being held captive by the government and gulags. Includes descriptive punishments performed by government officials.
Ramirez, Luis. Pyongyang Hails North Korean “Prosperity with Propaganda Spectacle”. 2005. Voices of America.
Describes the celebrations in honor of North Korean leaders and the illusions created by the government to create leadership adoration. Includes the idea of the country’s isolation from the rest of the world and foreign aid.
Ross, Rick. Lavish lifestyle of Korea's "Great Leader". 2003. CultNews.com.
Blogger’s account of Kim Jong Il’s lifestyle and its unfairness when compared to the lives of his citizens. This source should be read with the idea in mind that it may not be completely accurate.
Health Effects of Human Rights Violations
This section looks at the various health consequences to the North Korean people as a result of their government’s human rights violations. It outlines the psychological effects of internment in gulags and the physical effects of starvation throughout the country.
• Contribution from Dean’s Reader:
"Psychological Survival in the Camps" by Gregory Nickerson.
Nickerson looks at Nazi concentration camps in order to make inferences about the NK gulags. By analyzing the various defense mechanisms employed by concentration camp prisoners, Nickerson outlines the effects of long term imprisonment.
"Famine, Malnutrition, and Disease in North Korea" by Callie Comtois.
Comtois examines the effects of the famine on the North Korean population. The worst years of the famine occurred between the years of 1994-1997, but the effects can be seen before and many years after that time. It also includes an appendix of maps.
• Print materials available in DuBois Library [view list]
• Online Resources:
Bluhm, Hilde O. “How did they survive? Mechanisms of defense in Nazi concentration camps.” American Journal of Psychotherapy: Vol 53(1), 1999 pp. 96-122.
Bluhm describes the psychological trauma endured during a internment at a Nazi concentration camp. He then looks at the mechanisms employed by the mind in order to survive the ordeal.
Hawk, David. “The Hidden Gulag.” US Committee for Human Rights in North Korea. 31 Oct 2003.
A website that provides reports and testimonials on the gulag situation in North Korea.
Latham, M. “Human nutrition in the developing world” 1997. FAO Corporate Document Repository.
This article on the FAO website gives an insight into the nature of nutrition throughout the world. It defines nutrition in general, and lists consequences as a result of malnutrition. Part III, Chapter 12, contains information about protein –energy malnutrition, including manifestations of the disease, kwashiorkor. This disease is common in countries suffering from famine, as is North Korea.
Palka, Eugene, J. “North Korea: A Geographical Analysis.” December 2002. Department of Geography & Environmental Engineering United States Military Academy West Point NY 10996
A complete geographical analysis of North Korea can be found at this website. It delves into such areas as cultural, urban, medical, and economic geographies, among others. Chapter 12 of this analysis is entitled “Medical Geography” and was written by Major Patrick E. Mangin. It describes some of the health conditions that the general population is faced with as a result of the landscape and most notably, the intense famine that the country was unfortunately subjected to.
Ryn, Zdzislaw. “Between life and death: Experiences of concentration camp mussulmen during the holocaust.” Genetic, Social & General Psychology Monographs: Vol. 116 Issue 1, 1990, pp. 7-13.
Ryn describes a specific subset of Nazi concentration camp prisoners called Mussulmen. These prisoners have completely detached from reality and provide examples of the destructive consequences of imprisonment.
Ryn, Zdzislaw. “The Evolution of Mental Disturbances in Concentration Camp Syndrome” Genetic Social & General Psychology Monographs: Vol. 116, iss. 1, 1990.
Ryn discusses the negative effects of imprisonment in a Nazi concentration camp.
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. April 18, 2006
This online encyclopedia is a useful tool for background information on North Korea. It also contains a definition and gives examples of ruminant herds and monogastric herds of animals.
Windrem, Robert. “Death, Terror in N. Korea Gulag.” MSNBC.com. 15 Jan, 2003.
Windrem gives a report on the Gulags in North Korea.
World Food Programme. United Nations. April 10, 2006.
The World Food Programme is a branch of the United Nations that deals with supplying aid to hungry people throughout the world. This website gives background information on the World Food Programme, as well as an overview of the current endeavors the organization is involved in, including aid in North Korea.
Other Relevant Sources
Discovery Channel’s online news site.
There are articles regarding North Korea’s leaders, the nuclear arms race, and a historical timeline of North Korea as a world power. Under the heading ‘Children of the Secret State’, there are several video clips that give an insight into the severity of starvation and malnutrition throughout North Korea.
University of Texas Library
This is a website that contains a map of North Korea. The map describes the province boundaries within the country, as well as the transportation systems between the provinces.
Geocities/onefreekorea
This website contains information about the current state of North Korea. It contains news articles, video clips, and information about the concentration camps, foreign relations, and activist work attempts.
Korea Today and Tomorrow
This section is dedicated to the current situation in relation to North Korea. This includes foreign aid and relations, the North Korean refugees seeking asylum and those residing in China, and the neighboring countries of North Korea.
• Contributions from Dean’s Readers:
"The Flight out of North Korea" by Jennifer Kim.
Kim researches the existing state of North Korean refugees struggling to defect outside the borders of the Hermit Kingdom. She discusses their motivations for defecting, consequences of getting caught, their lives after defecting and the psychological effects they bear. Included in this essay are many testimonials from various North Korean defectors from their personal experiences (refer to Author and Genre section by Heidi Costa for reading first person experiences).
“Countries Surrounding North Korea” by Jennifer Kim This is a brief profile overview (info. taken from the CIA World Factbook) and a map on the countries bordering North Korea like Mongolia, Japan, South Korea, China and Russia.
“North Korea: Foreign Relations and Current Predicaments” by Christine Donahue.
Donahue researches the political and economic hardships of North Korea. She discusses issues regarding humanitarian aid and specifically the World Food Programme. She also analyzes North Korea’s political relations with its neighbors China, Japan, and South Korea, as well as with the United States. The hunger crisis in North Korea is briefly discussed. Referenced in this essay is an article explaining how North Korea may be on the verge of a shift in power.
• Print materials available in DuBois Library [view list]
• Online Resources:
Abraham, Priya. “Room With a View”. WORLD Magazine. 05 March 2005. Vol. 20, No. 9.
This article is about an American businessman living in China and discusses some signs that political and economic changes are occurring in North Korea.
“China: Protect North Korean Refugees” Human Rights Watch 9 March 2004.
This article confronts the issue of declaring North Korean refugees as refugees according to the UNHCR.
Choe, Sang-Hun. “Korean Defectors Live in a Twilight World.” International Herald Tribune 9 Sept 2005.
North Korean Refugees find themselves in a “twilight world” as they struggle to fit into the capitalist society of South Korea.
---. “North Koreans Escape—For a Price.” International Herald Tribune 29 April 2005.
Many North Korean refugees do not defect to the bordering countries outside the Hermit Kingdom without a price. “Brokers” and “agents” guide these defectors to safety with a bit of monetary compensation.
Choi, Bo-Shik. “Human Traffickers Prey on North Korean Women.” Chosun Ilbo 21 July 2002.
This article is a graphic testimony from a woman refugee retelling her horrific experience living as a prostitute.
Choi, Jung-Hyeon. “My Journey to Freedom.” Chosun Journal
This is a testimonial from a refugee’s experience locked in an interrogation room and the conditions he faces in the detention center in China.
Choi, Yearn-Hong. “North Korean Refugees in China.” The Korea Times 8.9 (1999): 11.
There are currently 200,000 North Korean refugees hiding in Manchuria, China. This article states the current facts with the refugee status in China.
Chung, Byung-Ho. “Living Dangerously in Two Worlds: The Risk and Tactics of North Korean Refugee Children.” Korea Journal 43.3 (2003): 191-211.
Many of the North Koreans have faced famine from the Great Floods of ’95 and ’96. This has caused a great decline of nutrition and food itself. Children are stunted and malnourished, in which many cases die of hunger. This article delves into the physical conditions of North Koreans and the struggle to survive—literally.
Chung, Ah-Young. “NK Defector Students Face Educational Challenges.” The Korea Times 18 Jan 2006.
This article is a testimonial of a North Korean refugee struggling to adjust to the educational systems of South Korea and trying to keep up with the curriculum.
Cody, Edward. “N. Koreans Fleeing Hard Lives Discover New Misery in China.” Washington Post Foreign Service 7 March 2005.
This is another testimonial from a North Korean woman sold as a wife to a Chinese husband. This is her story and her daily struggle living without her loved ones from back home and creating a new life to survive.
Cooper, M. H. (2003, April 11). “North Korean crisis”. The CQ Researcher, 13, 321-344.
The CQ Researcher is a great site for briefing students about different topics. This article about North Korea is very informative about the United States relations with North Korea, historical and modern. It compares the North Korea situation to Iraq and describes how we reached the current nuclear dilemma with North Korea.
Fairclough, Gordon. “North Korea Ends U.N. Food Relief That Fed Millions; Dismissing Fears of Famine, Pyongyang Says It Prefers Aid for Roads, Power Plants.” Wall Street Journal (Eastern Edition). 9 January 2006.
This article goes into detail about why North Korea may have ended food relief at the end of 2005.
Huus, Kari. “N. Korea Cuts Off U.N. Food, Ignites Famine Fears”. MSNBC.com. 29 December 2005.
This news article discusses how North Korea was dealing with its hunger crisis, and explains the concerns outsiders may have had with ending food aid in 2005.
---. “U.S. Weighs Grim N. Korea Options”. MSNBC.com. 16 January 2003.
This article describes some of the issues going on between the U.S. and North Korea, and talks about the politics of coming to an agreement. It has a lot of information about the U.S., Iraq, and deciding whether to take military action in both places.
Jang, Soo Hyun. “Living as Illegal Border-Crossers: Social Suffering of North Korean Refugees in China.” Korea Journal 43.3 (2003): 212-232.
The Chinese government is tightening their border control as they recognize the growing number of illegal refugees in their country. Officials raid random houses and interrogate those they find guilty leading them to detention centers, and finally to the gulags in North Korea. This article focuses on what happens to those that are caught and introduces the Christian missionary work involved in many refugees’ lives.
Jendrzejczyk, Mike. “From Eating Rats in North Korea to Sex Abuse in China: A Refuge Travesty.” International Herald Tribune. 19 Nov 2002.
Women are resorted to live their lives like prostitutes as they appear to offer “nothing else”. Without a choice of their own, this article portrays their lives and bodies as they are thrown into the discreet business of sex.
Kim, Sung Min. “The Truth About the Detention Camps Near the Chinese Border.” Chosun Journal .
This is a testimonial by a defector explaining his hopes to declare himself as a refugee to the South Korean Embassy in China, but realizes their indifference and ignorance to his situation.
Lee, Min-Bok. “Memoir of a North Korean Refugee.” Chosun Journal.
This is an informative testimonial from a refugee as he describes what happens to those “traitors” that defected from the Hermit Kingdom. He also goes into detail of the conditions living in the detention centers in China.
MacIntyre, Donald. “Nowhere to Run, Nowhere to Hide.” Time Asia 18 June 2001.
This article explains the tension in China that has grown even more intense as the decision was made that the country would be the next location for the Olympics. Their image as a country is at stake, which means the entire nation to clean up and clean out any undesirables like the North Korean defectors seeking refuge.
---. “Seoul Searching: Just Nod If You Can Hear Us.” Time Asia 15 Feb 2002.
This is an article delving into the disclosed state of North Korea. A brief testimonial is written from a refugee on his discovery to the “outside” world and his own shocking conditions in comparison.
Miller, John J. “Escape from Hell.” National Review 55.1 (2003): 30-35.
This article has several testimonials from women defectors relating their experiences of their motivations to defect and their eventual fate once outside the North Korean borders.
Nebehay, Stephanie. “UN Condemns Brutal Record”. The Sydney Morning Herald. April 16, 2005.
This brief news article talks about the United Nations censuring North Korea for human rights violations “including torture, executions and forced abortions”.
Pak, Sunyoung. “Growth Status of North Korean Refugee Children in China.” Korea Journal 43.3 (2003): 165-190.
This is a case study done by Sunyoung Pak examines the retardation growth rate of North Korean refugee children living in China. The research focuses on refugee children ages 3 to 18 and conducted in 2000. Although these children cannot accurately represent the malnourished children in North Korea, they are the closest exemplary models of those still deprived.
Paterniti, Michael. “Flight of the Fluttering Shadows.” The New York Times 27 April 2003.
Once the refugees have authorized with the South Korean consulate to pronounce themselves as South Koreans, there is another obstacle to overcome. This article focuses on the psychological after effects of defecting.
Persecuting the Starving: The Plight of North Koreans Fleeing to China. Amnesty International. 15 December 2000.
This article from the Amnesty International site describes the hunger situation in North Korea and explains why people may be fleeing to China. It includes recommendations from Amnesty International about what can be done to help.
Pons, Philippe. “Escapees from the North Korean Hell.” Le Monde 14 May 2001.
With such corruption in the hierarchy and government of North Korea, it is no wonder that their people are starving to death. Food aid is never reached to those truly in need but stops at the military. This is an article concentrating on the foreign relations between North Korea, NGO’s and other private organizations.
Rauch, Jonathan. “Yes, Bush Has a Policy on North Korea. It Might Even Work”. National Journal. 15 March 2003. Vol. 35, Issue 11.
This article discusses Bush’s foreign policy on North Korea.
The U.S. Department of State. Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs. November 2005.
This information was put out by the U.S. Department of State. It contains a great deal of information about the country, politics, and economy of North Korea. There is a long section about the U.S. policy towards North Korea.
United Nations World Food Programme. 23 July 2004.
This source is a brief description of how the WFP has been operating in North Korea. They were the primary group allowed to help with food distribution.
Waldron, Arthur. "Our game with North Korea. Commentary 117.2 (Feb 004): 27(6).
This essay explains the North Korean nuclear issues and discusses some of the United States policies and relations with North Korea.
Watts, Jonathan. "Last orders in Pyongyang: foreign aid workers in North Korea have been told to leave . . . . (World Report)." The Lancet 366.9494. (Oct 15, 2005): 1345(3).
This news article goes into more detail about the end of humanitarian aid. It contains a helpful timeline of the history of humanitarian aid in North Korea beginning after the Korean War.
Other Useful Links
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/
This website has the most accurate and up-to-date statistics on every country in the world.
http://www.chosunjournal.com
This is a news and media outlet regarding the most recent information on North Korea.
http://times.hankooki.com/
This is a South Korean news and information website.
http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/index.asp
This is the largest South Korean news and media outlet providing the most recent info on Korea.
http://www.seoultrain.com
This is a website devoted to the documentary film “Seoul Train”. It is a film focusing on the “underground railroad” for North Koreans.
http://www.linkglobal.org
This website is a non-partisan, non-religious, non-affiliate, non-profit grassroots movement to tell the world about the conditions of North Korea and to take action.
http://www.hrnk.org
This is a website on the US Committee for human rights in North Korea.
http://www.unhrc.org
This is the international website for the United Nations Human Rights Commission.
http://www.nkgulag.org
This is a South Korean network website for democracy against North Korean gulags.
http://www.amnesty.org
This is the official website for Amnesty International, working to protect human rights worldwide.
http://www.wfp.org/english/
This is the main site to the World Food Programme, the United Nations group in charge of food aid to North Korea.
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